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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014

OR

o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from       to      

Commission file number: 001-35969

PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(908) 222-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x

As of November 5, 2014 there were 33,602,541 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “predict”, “project”, “target”, “potential”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “continue”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, among other things, statements about:

·                  the timing and conduct of our clinical trials of Translarna™ (ataluren) for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type I, or MPS I, caused by nonsense mutations, as well as our trials in spinal muscular atrophy and BMI1, including statements regarding the timing of initiation, enrollment and completion of the trials and the period during which the results of the trials will become available;

·                  our plans to pursue development of Translarna for additional indications other than Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis and MPS I, caused by nonsense mutations;

·                  our ability to advance our earlier stage programs, including our antibacterial program;

·                  our plans to pursue research and development of other product candidates;

·                  the potential advantages of Translarna;

·                  the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of Translarna;

·                  our ability to maintain the conditional marketing authorization of Translarna for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by nonsense mutations, or nmDMD, in the European Economic Area;

·                  the timing of and our ability to obtain additional marketing approvals of Translarna and our other product candidates, and the ability of Translarna and our other product candidates to meet existing or future regulatory standards;

·                  our estimates regarding the potential market opportunity for Translarna, including the size of eligible patient populations and our ability to identify such patients;

·                  our ability to expand the approved product label of Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD;

·                  our ability to commercialize Translarna in general, and specifically as a treatment for nmDMD, including our ability to successfully negotiate favorable pricing and reimbursement processes in the countries in which we may obtain regulatory approval;

·                  the timing and scope of our commercial infrastructure expansion, including the growth of our international presence in Europe and in other territories;

·                  the potential receipt of revenues from future sales of our product candidates, including our ability to earn a profit from sales or licenses of Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD;

·                  our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities and strategy;

·                  our ability to establish and maintain arrangements for the manufacture of Translarna and our other product candidates that are sufficient to meet clinical trial and commercial launch requirements;

·                  our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing, including our ability to maintain the level of our expenses consistent with our internal budgets and forecasts and to secure additional funds on favorable terms or at all;

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·                  our intellectual property position;

·                  the impact of government laws and regulations;

·                  our competitive position; and

·                  our expectations with respect to the development and regulatory status of our program directed against spinal muscular atrophy in collaboration with F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., which we refer to collectively as Roche, and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, or the SMA Foundation, and our estimates regarding future revenues from achievement of milestones in that program.

We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references to “PTC”, “PTC Therapeutics”, “we”, “us”, “our” and similar references refer to PTC Therapeutics, Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries. The trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Balance sheets (unaudited)

In thousands (except per share data)

See accompanying unaudited notes.

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PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Statements of operations (unaudited)

In thousands (except per share data)

See accompanying unaudited notes.

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PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Statements of comprehensive loss (unaudited)

In thousands

See accompanying unaudited notes.

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PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Statements of cash flows (unaudited)

In thousands

See accompanying unaudited notes.

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PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Notes to unaudited financial statements

September 30, 2014

In thousands (except per share data unless otherwise noted)

1.                                      The Company

PTC Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company or PTC) was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 31, 1998. During the second quarter of 2014, a wholly-owned subsidiary was established in Bermuda to hold certain intellectual property rights of the Company.  In addition, wholly-owned subsidiaries in Ireland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and France were established during 2014.  PTC is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of orally administered, proprietary small molecule drugs that target post-transcriptional control processes. The Company’s internally discovered pipeline addresses multiple therapeutic areas, including rare disorders, oncology and infectious diseases. PTC has developed proprietary technologies that PTC applies in our drug discovery activities and in collaborations with leading biopharmaceutical companies.

The Company’s lead candidate is ataluren, an investigational new drug in the US, for the treatment of patients with genetic disorders that arise from a type of genetic mutation known as a nonsense mutation. The brand name of ataluren is Translarna™. On August 4, 2014, the Company was notified that the European Commission, or EC, granted conditional marketing authorization for Translarna for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by nonsense mutations, or nmDMD, in ambulatory patients aged five years and older. The conditional marketing authorization allows the Company to market Translarna in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which is comprised of the 28 member states of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. The conditional marketing authorization is subject to an annual review by the EMA and the Company will seek to renew the approval on an annual basis until its obligations have been fulfilled and the approval is converted from a conditional approval into a full approval.

The Company has not generated significant product revenue to date and is subject to a number of risks similar to those of other early stage companies, including dependence on key individuals, the difficulties inherent in the development of commercially usable products, the potential need to obtain additional capital necessary to fund the development of its products, and competition from other companies. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $395.3 million. The Company has financed its operations to date primarily through public offerings of common stock in February 2014 and October 2014 (see Notes 6 and 10 below), its initial public offering of common stock in June 2013 (see Note 6 below), private placements of its convertible preferred stock, collaborations, bank debt, convertible debt financings, grant funding and clinical trial support from governmental and philanthropic organizations and patient advocacy groups in the disease area addressed by the Company’s product candidates.

2.                                      Summary of significant accounting policies

The Company’s complete listing of significant accounting policies are described in note 2 of the notes to the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2013 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 6, 2014 (2013 Form 10-K). There have been no changes to our accounting policies during the quarter.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial information as of September 30, 2014 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 has been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2013 and notes thereto included in the 2013 Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information as of September 30, 2014 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 reflects all adjustments, which are normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2014 or for any other interim period or for any other future year.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Recently issued accounting standard

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 will eliminate transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is not permitted. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Presently, the Company is assessing what effect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on its financial statements and accompanying notes.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern—Disclosures of Uncertainties about an entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” ASU 2014-15 provides new guidance related to management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards and to provide related footnote disclosures. This new guidance is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. The requirements of ASU 2014-15 are not expected to have a significant impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

To date, PTC’s net product sales have consisted solely of sales of Translarna for the treatment of DMD caused by nonsense mutations. The Company applies the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 605-15, Revenue Recognition—Products. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title to product and associated risk of loss has passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and the Company has no further performance obligations.

The Company has  recorded revenue on sales where Translarna is available on a reimbursed early access program and typically paid for by a government authority or institution. The Company generally recognizes revenue for these named patient or cohort early access programs once the product is shipped through to the government authority or institution on a cash basis if all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The Company records revenue net of estimated discounts and rebates. Allowances are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time revenues from product sales are recognized. Allowances for government rebates and discounts are established based on the actual payer information, which is known at the time of delivery, and the government-mandated discounts applicable to government-funded programs. These allowances are adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that may impact such allowances in the quarter those changes are known.

3.                                      Fair value of financial instruments and marketable securities

The Company follows the fair value measurement rules, which provides guidance on the use of fair value in accounting and disclosure for assets and liabilities when such accounting and disclosure is called for by other accounting literature. These rules establish a fair value hierarchy for inputs to be used to measure fair value of financial assets and liabilities. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 (highest priority), Level 2, and Level 3 (lowest priority).

·                                                                  Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the balance sheet date.

·                                                                  Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).

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·                                                                  Level 3—Inputs are unobservable and reflect the Company’s assumptions as to what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available.

Cash equivalents are reflected in the accompanying financial statements at fair value. The carrying amount of grant and collaboration receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and debt approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments.

Fair value of certain marketable securities is based upon market prices using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets quoted on the last day of the period. In establishing the estimated fair value of the remaining investments, the Company used the fair value as determined by its investment advisors using observable inputs other than quoted prices.

The Company reviews its investments on a periodic basis for other-than-temporary impairments. This review is subjective, as it requires management to evaluate whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred in that period that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment.

The following represents the fair value using the hierarchy described in Note 3 for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

The following is a summary of marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company held securities with an unrealized loss position that were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired as the Company has the ability to hold such investments until recovery of their fair value.

Marketable securities on the balance sheet at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 mature as follows:

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Level 3 valuation

The warrant liability is classified in Other long-term liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet. The warrant liability is marked-to-market each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as a gain or loss within Other income (expense), net on the Company’s statement of operations until the warrants are exercised, expire or other facts and circumstances lead the warrant liability to be reclassified as an equity instrument. The fair value of the warrant liability is determined at each reporting period by utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The table presented below is a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 valuation for warrant liability for the period ended September 30, 2014:

Fair value of the warrant liability is estimated using an option-pricing model, which includes variables such as the expected volatility based on guideline public companies, the stock fair value, and the estimated time to a liquidity event. The significant assumptions used in preparing the option pricing model for valuing the Company’s warrants as of September 30, 2014 include (i) volatility (64%—72%), (ii) risk free interest rate (0.83%—1.78%), (iii) strike price ($128.00-$2,520), (iv) fair value of common stock ($44.01), and (v) expected life (2.71—4.98 years). The significant assumptions used in preparing the option pricing model for valuing the Company’s warrants as of December 31, 2013 include (i) volatility (61-89%), (ii) risk free interest rate (0.07%—2.10%), (iii) strike price ($128.00—$2,520.00), (iv) fair value of common stock ($16.97), and (v) expected life (0.30—5.70 years). See Note 6 for a description of the warrants issued in connection with the convertible notes.

4.                                      Other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive items

Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss), such as unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities.

The following tables summarize other comprehensive income (loss) and the changes in accumulated other comprehensive items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014:

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5.                                      Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 consist of the following:

6.                                      Capital structure

2013 Recapitalization

During January and February of 2013, the Company entered into a “bridge” financing arrangement with certain existing investors providing for the issuance by the Company of an aggregate of $6 million of convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase 2,527,675 shares of Series One convertible preferred stock (Series One) and Series Two convertible preferred stock (Series Two). The warrants have a per share exercise price of $0.01, and as such, they are referred to as “penny warrants”. This bridge financing was closed in anticipation of the March 2013 Series Four financing event, which the Company refers to as the “2013 recapitalization”.

The Company allocated the proceeds of the convertible promissory notes between debt and warrant liability. Since the value of the warrants exceeded the proceeds from the convertible notes issued to existing investors, the value of the warrant in excess of the proceeds is considered a deemed dividend and reflected as an equity transaction in the financial statements. The Company recorded $6.0 million to interest expense related to the debt discount associated with the convertible debt during the quarter ended March 31, 2013.

On March 7, 2013, the Company closed a private placement of a new series of convertible preferred stock that resulted in the 2013 recapitalization. In this private placement, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 4,497,035 shares of its Series Four senior preferred stock (Series Four) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $54.0 million. Including the $6.0 million raised with the bridge financing, total gross proceeds raised during the quarter ended March 31, 2013 was approximately $60.0 million. In addition, the Company issued an aggregate of 502,919 shares of Series Four upon the share settlement of the convertible promissory notes described above that were issued in January and February 2013.

In connection with this private placement, the Company effected a one-for-120 reverse stock split of its common stock and an exchange of outstanding shares of Series One, Series Two and Series Three convertible preferred stock (Series Three) into an aggregate of 6,700,487 shares of a new series of Series Five junior preferred stock (Series Five). In addition, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,527,675 shares of Series One and Series Two upon the exercise of the warrants issued in connection with the bridge loan that were immediately exchanged for 2,095,515 shares of Series Five during the 2013 recapitalization.

The Company accounted for the 2013 recapitalization as an extinguishment of its Series One, Series Two and Series Three convertible preferred stock and recorded the Series Five shares at their fair value as of the recapitalization date. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, the Company recorded a gain attributable to the common stockholders on the extinguishment of the Series One, Series Two and Series Three. The gain of approximately $3.4 million represents the excess of the Series One, Series Two and Series Three over the fair value of the shares Series Five issued in connection with the recapitalization.

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Initial Public Offering

In June 2013, the Company closed the initial public offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, as amended. The Company issued and sold an aggregate of 9,627,800 shares of common stock under the registration statement at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, including 1,255,800 shares pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of an over-allotment option. The Company received net proceeds from the initial public offering of approximately $131.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

Upon closing the initial public offering, all outstanding shares of the Series Four and Series Five were converted into 14,170,956 shares of common stock.

Follow-On Offering

In February 2014, the Company closed a follow-on public offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, as amended. The Company issued and sold an aggregate of 5,163,265 shares of common stock under the registration statement at a public offering price of $24.50 per share, including 673,469 shares pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of an over-allotment option. The Company received net proceeds from the follow –on public offering of approximately $118.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

Warrants

All of the Company’s outstanding warrants were classified as liabilities as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 because they contained non-standard antidilution provisions.

The following is a summary of the Company’s outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2014:

The following is a summary of the Company’s outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2013:

In connection with the 2013 recapitalization, all of the Series Two outstanding warrants became warrants to purchase Series Five. In connection with the Company’s initial public offering all of the Series Five outstanding warrants became warrants to purchase common stock.

7.                                      Net loss per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for common stockholders:

*                                         In the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company experienced a net loss and therefore did not report any dilutive share impact.

*                                         In the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company experienced a net loss and therefore did not report any dilutive share impact.

The following table shows historical dilutive common share equivalents outstanding, which are not included in the above historical calculation, as the effect of their inclusion is anti-dilutive during each period.

8.                                      Stock award plan

On March 5, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for the granting of stock option awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards in the aggregate of 739,937 shares of common stock. On March 5, 2013, the Board approved a grant of 735,324 shares of restricted stock and 4,613 stock options. There are no additional shares available for issuance under this plan.

In May 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders increased by 2,500,000 the number of shares authorized under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for the granting of stock option awards, restricted stock awards, and other stock-based and cash-based awards.

In May 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan, which became effective upon the closing of the Company’s IPO.  The 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards and other stock-based awards. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan is the sum of (1) 122,296 shares of common stock available for issuance under the Company’s 2009 Equity and Long Term Incentive Plan and 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, (2) the number of shares (up to 3,040,444 shares) equal to the sum of the number of shares of common stock subject to outstanding awards under the Company’s 1998 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Option Plan and 2013 Stock Incentive Plan that expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, cancelled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company at their original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right plus (3) an annual increase, to be added on the first day of each fiscal year until the expiration of the 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan, equal to the lowest of 2,500,000 shares of common stock, 4% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on the first day of the fiscal year and an amount determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

From January 1, 2014 through September 30, 2014, the Company issued a total of 1,469,496 stock options to various employees.  Of those, 448,800 were inducement grants for non-statutory stock options. The inducement grant awards were made pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception as a material component of our new hires’ employment compensation.

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A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

The fair value of grants made in the period ended September 30, 2014 was contemporaneously estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions:

The Company assumed no expected dividends for all grants. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine month period ended September 30, 2014 was $21.70 per share.

The Company uses the “simplified method” to determine the expected term of options. Under this method, the expected term represents the average of the vesting period and the contractual term. The expected volatility of share options was estimated based on a historical volatility analysis of peers that were similar to the Company with respect to industry, stage of life cycle, size, and financial leverage. The risk-free rate of the option is based on U.S. Government Securities Treasury Constant Maturities yields at the date of grant for a term similar to the expected term of the option.

Restricted Stock Awards—Restricted stock awards are granted subject to certain restrictions, including in some cases service or time conditions (restricted stock). The grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards, which has been determined based upon the market value of the Company’s shares on the grant date, is expensed over the vesting period.

The following table summarizes information on the Company’s restricted stock:

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense in the statement of operations as follows:

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As of September 30, 2014 there was approximately $38.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the 1998, 2009 and 2013 Plans and the inducement grants pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception. This cost is expected to be recognized as share-based compensation expense over the weighted average remaining service period of approximately 2.70 years.

9.                                      Collaboration Revenue

On January 22, 2014, the Company announced the initiation of a Phase 1 clinical program in its spinal muscular atrophy collaboration with F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd and Hoffman-La Roche Inc. (Roche) and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation which triggered a $7.5 million milestone payment from Roche. The Company considered this milestone event substantive because the applicable criteria of its revenue recognition policy would be satisfied and recorded it as collaboration revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2014.

10.                               Subsequent events

On October 16, 2014, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3. The Company issued and sold an aggregate of 3,450,000 shares of common stock under the registration statement at a public offering price of $36.25 per share, including 450,000 shares issued upon exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares.  The Company received net proceeds of approximately $117.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2014. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth in Part II, Item 1A. (Risk Factors) of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview and Corporate Update

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of orally administered, proprietary small molecule drugs that target post-transcriptional control processes. Post-transcriptional control processes regulate the rate and timing of protein production and are essential to proper cellular function. Our internally discovered pipeline addresses multiple therapeutic areas, including rare disorders, oncology and infectious diseases. We have developed proprietary technologies that we apply in our drug discovery activities and in collaborations with leading biopharmaceutical companies.

Our lead product candidate is ataluren, an investigational new drug in the US, for the treatment of patients with genetic disorders that arise from a type of genetic mutation known as a nonsense mutation. We hold worldwide commercialization rights to ataluren for all indications in all territories. The brand name of ataluren is Translarna™.

Translarna™ for nmDMD

On August 4, 2014, we were notified that the European Commission, or EC, granted conditional marketing authorization for Translarna for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by nonsense mutations, or nmDMD, in ambulatory patients aged five years and older. The conditional marketing authorization allows us to market Translarna in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which is comprised of the 28 member states of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Our conditional marketing authorization is subject to an annual review by the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, and we will seek to renew the approval on an annual basis until our obligations have been fulfilled and the approval is converted from a conditional approval into a full approval.

We are continuing to engage in significant commercialization efforts and, in connection with the expansion of our global presence, we have established our international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. We expect to commence our commercial launch of Translarna in Germany within the next few months, with other key countries to follow throughout 2015 and beyond, subject to completion of each country’s market access process and timeline. Our strategy is to initially focus our commercial efforts in those countries in Europe which we believe represent a significant portion of the commercial opportunity. We are currently working on country-specific market access submissions for these target countries, which we began submitting during the second half of 2014. The market access process timeline varies from country to country and can take over 18 months in certain circumstances. We currently expect Translarna to be priced at levels consistent with the pricing for other therapies for the treatment of rare disorders where high unmet medical need exists.

We ultimately intend to market Translarna in all markets in the EEA where market access is possible.

In parallel, we have initiated reimbursed early access programs for Translarna for nmDMD patients in selected territories, which we refer to as our EAP program. Our EAP program is intended to make Translarna available to patients before commercial product becomes available in those countries in accordance with local regulations. Funded named patient programs for Translarna, which form part of our EAP program, have already been authorized in Spain, Israel and Turkey. In July 2014, the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, or ANSM, granted a Temporary Authorization for Use, or ATU cohort, and in October 2014, we were notified that Translarna has been approved, subject to regulatory publication, by the Italian National Health System for reimbursement in Italy pursuant to Law 648/96. Under a named patient program a physician on behalf of the specific, or “named”, patient requests access to Translarna, whereas, the ATU cohort in France and, when effective, the reimbursement program in Italy allows for a broader temporary authorization for use for nmDMD meeting the inclusion criteria. We have initiated the supply of Translarna to patients authorized under our EAP program and began to receive payments and recognize revenue during the third quarter of 2014.

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We do not currently anticipate generating significant commercial revenue from Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD during fiscal 2014.

In addition, we expect to seek regulatory approval for Translarna in those territories outside of Europe that will reference the European conditional marketing authorization as the basis for a local market authorization process. This will include specific countries where we have elected to market Translarna through a third-party distributor/marketing partner.

We also plan to initiate a rolling new drug application, or NDA, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for Translarna as a treatment for nmDMD. We currently anticipate that we will commence the submission process before the end of 2014. We believe this process gives the FDA an opportunity to conduct a meaningful review of most of the segments of our NDA, ahead of reviewing our Phase 3 ACT DMD data. We expect that the submission of the ACT DMD data will complete our rolling NDA.

We have initiated a confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trial of Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD. We refer to this trial as the Ataluren Confirmatory Trial in DMD, or ACT DMD. We completed enrollment for this trial in the third quarter of 2014 and expect to have initial, top-line data available in the fourth quarter of 2015. As part of the conditional marketing authorization granted by the EC, we are required to complete ACT DMD and submit additional efficacy and safety data from the trial.

Based on information from the American Journal of Medical Genetics, we estimate that a nonsense mutation is the cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in approximately 13% of patients, or approximately 2,000 patients in the United States and 2,500 patients in the European Union. We estimate that approximately 40% of nmDMD patients are ambulatory and at least five years old.

Translarna™ for nmCF

At the end of the second quarter of 2014, we initiated our global confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trial of Translarna for the treatment of cystic fibrosis caused by nonsense mutations, or nmCF. We refer to this trial as the Ataluren Confirmatory Trial in Cystic Fibrosis, or ACT CF. ACT CF is an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study of Translarna in patients six years of age or older with nmCF not receiving chronic inhaled aminoglycosides. Based on our current estimates regarding patient enrollment, we expect to complete enrollment for this trial in the second half of 2015 and have initial, top-line data available approximately one year later.

We currently intend to submit a marketing authorization application, or MAA, with the EMA for the conditional approval of Translarna in nmCF in mid-2015, with the clinical results achieved in our prior Phase 3 clinical trial. However, we believe that the EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, or CHMP, will consider it important that ACT CF be well underway prior to our submission.  There is substantial risk that the EMA will not grant us conditional approval of Translarna for the treatment of nmCF.

Translarna™ for nmMPS I and Other Indications

We also plan to pursue additional indications for Translarna beyond nmDMD and nmCF and our goal is to initiate a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in the fourth quarter of 2014 in mucopolysaccharidosis type I,or MPS I, an inherited genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in an essential enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of by-products of chemical reactions in the body’s cells. Globally, MPS I occurs in about 1 in every 100,000 births. It is estimated that 60% to 80% of patients have their disease as a result of a nonsense mutation, which we refer to as nmMPS I. There is no cure for MPS I and enzyme replacement therapies do not sufficiently address the central nervous system, skeletal or cardiac symptoms associated with the disorder. Prognosis of patients with MPS I is poor and there is an urgent need for the development of new treatments targeting the underlying cause of MPS I.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

We continue to advance the development of our spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, collaboration with F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd and Hoffman-La Roche Inc., which we refer to collectively as Roche, and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, or SMA Foundation. In January 2014, a Phase 1a single ascending dose, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy volunteers was initiated.  The primary objectives of this trial were to explore safety and pharmacokinetics of the drug candidate, RG7800.  Preliminary findings in the Phase 1a study indicate that RG7800 was well-tolerated at all dose levels studied.  There were no deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs) or withdrawals due to adverse events (AEs) and no dose-related trends were identified.  Additionally, RG7800 demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on splicing of the SMN2 gene, as shown by a change in the ratio of full-length SMN2 mRNA to SMN2 mRNA without exon 7 (SMND7), which may be interpreted as proof of mechanism in terms of the expected pharmacodynamic effect. A Phase 1b/2a, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose clinical trial in SMA patients is expected to initiate before the end of 2014. We expect to receive a $10 million milestone payment from Roche upon initiation of the Phase 1b/2a trial.

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BMI1

We have recently completed preclinical studies for our product candidate, PTC596, for the treatment of chemotherapy resistant cancers through the targeting of cancer stem cells. We plan to submit an investigational new drug application for PTC596 with the FDA during the fourth quarter of 2014 and to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study of PTC596 in the first half of 2015. PTC596 is a first-in-class, oral, potent and selective inhibitor of BMI1 protein expression. Elevated levels of BMI1 are associated with more aggressive tumors and a poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancers, including glioblastoma. We believe that reducing levels of BMI1 therefore represents a promising new therapeutic strategy to treat drug-resistant cancers.

Other

We are also pursuing additional programs to expand our pipeline that are currently either at the preclinical development or discovery stage. These are focused on new treatments for multiple therapeutic areas, including neuromuscular disease, oncology and infectious diseases. We recently declared a development candidate in our antibacterial program. This program is based on a novel chemical scaffold and we believe has the potential to address the significant need for new treatment options to combat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative gonorrhea.

Funding

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through our public offerings of common stock in February 2014 and in October 2014, our initial public offering of common stock in June 2013, private placements of our preferred stock, collaborations, bank debt and convertible debt financings and grants and clinical trial support from governmental and philanthropic organizations and patient advocacy groups in the disease areas addressed by our product candidates. As of September 30, 2014, we had an accumulated deficit of $395.3 million. We had a net loss of $66.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and a net loss of $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially in connection with the expansion of our commercial infrastructure as we continue to establish an international presence, particularly throughout Europe, and our efforts to commercialize Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD, including significant sales and marketing, legal and regulatory, and distribution and manufacturing expenses. In addition, we expect to continue to incur significant costs in connection with our ongoing confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trials for Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD and nmCF as well as our planned Phase 2 proof-of-concept study for nmMPS I. We also expect to incur ongoing research and development expenses for our other product candidates, including costs in connection with our preparations to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study for PTC596 under our BMI1 program. In addition, we may incur substantial costs in connection with our planned rolling submission with the FDA for Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD and our currently anticipated submission of an MAA with the EMA for Translarna for the treatment of nmCF mid-2015. We have begun and intend to continue to seek marketing approval for Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD in territories outside of the EEA and we may also seek marketing approval for Translarna for other indications, and these efforts may significantly impact the timing and extent of our commercialization expenses.

Furthermore, as a result of our initial public offering in June 2013, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. These costs include significant legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Accordingly, we may need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or our commercialization efforts. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve and sustain profitability, and we may never do so.

Financial operations overview

Revenues

Our revenues to date have consisted primarily of collaborative agreements revenues and grant revenues.  To date, we have not generated significant product sale revenues. We are continuing to engage in significant commercialization efforts in connection with our plan to launch Translarna. We expect to commence our commercial launch in Germany within the next few months, with other key countries to follow throughout 2015 and beyond, subject to completion of each country’s market access process and timeline. In the third quarter of 2014, we began to recognize revenue for payments received under the reimbursed early access programs for Translarna for nmDMD patients in selected countries. We do not currently anticipate generating significant commercial revenue from Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD during fiscal 2014.

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We have ongoing collaborations with F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd and Hoffman-La Roche Inc., which we refer to collectively as Roche, and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, or the SMA Foundation, for our spinal muscular atrophy program and early stage discovery arrangements with other institutions.

Roche and the SMA Foundation.  In November 2011, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Roche and the SMA Foundation pursuant to which we are collaborating with Roche and the SMA Foundation to further develop and commercialize compounds identified under our spinal muscular atrophy sponsored research program with the SMA Foundation, as described below, and to research, develop and commercialize other small molecule compounds with potential for therapeutic use in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Pursuant to the license and collaboration agreement, Roche paid us an upfront nonrefundable payment of $30.0 million.

In August 2013, we announced the selection of a development candidate. The achievement of this milestone triggered a $10.0 million payment to us from Roche, which we recorded as collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2013.

In January 2014, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical program, which triggered a $7.5 million milestone payment to us from Roche. Roche is responsible for pursuing clinical development of compounds from the program, consistent with a governance structure that includes representation from us and the SMA Foundation, and then commercialization of these compounds.

Grant revenue.  We receive grant funding from various institutions and governmental bodies. The grants are typically for early discovery research, and generally the grant program lasts from two to five years.

Research and development expense

Research and development expenses consist of the costs associated with our research activities, as well as the costs associated with our drug discovery efforts, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings. Our research and development expenses consist of:

·                                          external research and development expenses incurred under agreements with third-party contract research organizations and investigative sites, third-party manufacturing organizations and consultants;

·                                          employee-related expenses, which include salaries and benefits, including share-based compensation, for the personnel involved in our drug discovery and development activities; and

·                                          facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment, and laboratory and other supplies.

We use our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple research projects, including our drug development programs. We track expenses related to our clinical programs and certain preclinical programs on a per project basis.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue our confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trials of ataluren for the treatment of nmDMD and nmCF, commence our Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in nmMPS I, prepare to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study in our PTC596 BMI1 program, continue our research activities in our preclinical programs and initiate clinical development of other product candidates. The timing and amount of these expenses will depend upon the outcome of our ongoing clinical trials and the costs associated with our planned clinical trials. The timing and amount of these expenses will also depend on the costs associated with potential future clinical trials of our product candidates and the related expansion of our research and development organization, regulatory requirements, advancement of our preclinical programs and product candidate manufacturing costs.

The following table provides research and development expense for our most advanced principal product development programs, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2014.

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The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing drugs, including the uncertainty of:

·  the scope, rate of progress and expense of our clinical trials and other research and development activities;

·  the potential benefits of our product candidate over other therapies;

·  our ability to market, commercialize and achieve market acceptance for any of our product candidates that we are developing or may develop in the future;

·  clinical trial results;

·  the terms and timing of regulatory approvals; and

·  the expense of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of Translarna or any other product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the EMA or FDA or other regulatory authority were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those which we currently anticipate will be required for the completion of clinical development of Translarna or any other product candidate or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel, including share-based compensation expenses, in our executive, legal, business development, finance, accounting, information technology and human resource functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility-related costs not otherwise included in research and development expense; advertising and promotional expenses; costs associated with industry and trade shows; and professional fees for legal services, including patent-related expenses, and accounting services.

We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in 2014 and future periods as a result of the expansion of our commercial infrastructure as we continue to establish an international presence, particularly throughout Europe, and our planned efforts to commercialize Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD, including increased payroll, expanded infrastructure, commercial operations, increased consulting, legal, accounting and investor relations expenses.

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Interest income, net

Interest income, net consists of interest income earned on investments.

Critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

As an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, we have elected to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of other public companies.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue when amounts are realized or realizable and earned. Revenue is considered realizable and earned when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection of the amounts due are reasonably assured.

To date, our revenue has been generated primarily through collaborative research and development and licensing agreements and grants.

The terms of these agreements typically include payments of one or more of the following: nonrefundable, upfront license fees; milestone payments; research funding; and royalties on future product sales. In addition, we generate service revenue through agreements that generally provide for fees for research and development services and may include additional payments upon achievement of specified events.

For existing collaborations entered into prior to the adoption in 2011 of the revised multiple element revenue recognition guidance described below, we recognize revenue consistent with the approach established at the inception of each arrangement. For these existing collaborations, where we have continued involvement, we recorded nonrefundable, upfront fees as deferred revenue and recognize revenue on a straight line basis as collaboration revenue over the expected performance period.

For new collaborations or for material modifications made to existing collaborations, in 2011, we adopted the updated multiple element revenue recognition guidance. Under this guidance, all non-contingent arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified units of accounting based on their relative selling price at inception of the collaboration arrangement. We derive the selling price using a combination of internal subjective and available external objective information, such as comparable transactions. We recognize revenue commensurate with delivery, such as in the case with delivery of a license, or ratably over the course of a service period, as appropriate, such as in the case of ongoing research and development activities.

We evaluate all contingent consideration earned, such as a milestone payment, using the criteria as provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, guidance on the milestone method of revenue recognition. At the inception of a collaboration arrangement, we evaluate if milestone payments are substantive. The criteria requires that (1) we determine if the milestone is commensurate with either its performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of value resulting from our activities to achieve the milestone; (2) the milestone be related to past performance; and (3) the milestone be reasonable relative to all deliverable and payment terms of the collaboration arrangement. If these criteria are met then the contingent milestones can be considered as substantive milestones and will be recognized as revenue in the period that the milestone is achieved. We recognize royalties as earned in accordance with the terms of various research and collaboration agreements. If not substantive, the contingent consideration is allocated to the existing units of accounting based on relative selling price and recognized following the same basis previously established for the associated unit of accounting.

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We recognize reimbursements for research and development costs under collaboration agreements as revenue as the services are performed. We record these reimbursements as revenue and not as a reduction of research and development expenses as we have the risks and rewards as the principal in the research and development activities.

Our principal obligation under our grant agreements is to conduct the internal or external research in the specific field funded by the grant. We determine, through the grant’s normal research process, which research and development projects to pursue. We recognize grant revenues as the research activities are performed. If the grant includes an upfront payment, we defer the amount and recognize it as revenue as the expenditures are incurred.

Product revenue. To date, our net product sales have consisted solely of sales of Translarna for the treatment of nmDMD. We apply the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 605-15, Revenue Recognition—Products. We recognize revenue from product sales when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title to product and associated risk of loss has passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and we have no further performance obligations.

We have recorded revenue on sales where Translarna is available on a reimbursed early access program and typically paid for by a government authority or institution. We generally recognize revenue for these named patient or cohort early access programs once the product is shipped through to the government authority or institution on a cash basis if all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

We record revenue net of estimated discounts and rebates. Allowances are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time revenues from product sales are recognized. Allowances for government rebates and discounts are established based on the actual payer information, which is known at the time of delivery, and the government-mandated discounts applicable to government-funded programs. These allowances are adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that may impact such allowances in the quarter those changes are known.

Accrued expenses

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate accrued expenses. This process involves communicating with our applicable personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost. The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us. Examples of estimated accrued expenses include:

·  fees paid to contract research organizations in connection with preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical trials;

·  fees paid to investigative sites in connection with clinical trials;

·  fees paid to contract manufacturers in connection with the production of clinical trial materials; and

·  professional service fees.

Share-based compensation

We expect to grant additional stock options that will result in additional share-based compensation expense. We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. For service type awards, share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the entire award. For awards that vest or begin vesting upon achievement of a performance condition, we estimate the likelihood of satisfaction of the performance condition and recognize compensation expense when achievement of the performance condition is deemed probable using an accelerated attribution model.

From January 1, 2014 through September 30, 2014, we issued a total of 1,469,496 stock options to various employees.  Of those, 447,850 were inducement grants for non-statutory stock options. The inducement grant awards were made pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception as a material component of our new hires’ employment compensation.

The fair value of options is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant based on key assumptions, such as expected volatility and expected term. As a new public company, we do not have sufficient history to estimate the volatility of our common stock price or the expected life of the options.  We calculate expected volatility based on reported data for similar publicly traded companies for which historical information is available and will continue to do so until the historical volatility of our common stock is sufficient to measure expected volatility for future option grants.

The fair value of grants made in the period ended September 30, 2014 was contemporaneously estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions:

We assumed no expected dividends for all grants. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine month period ended September 30, 2014 was $21.70 per share.

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We use the “simplified method” to determine the expected term of options. Under this method, the expected term represents the average of the vesting period and the contractual term. The expected volatility of share options was estimated based on a historical volatility analysis of peers that were similar to us with respect to industry, stage of life cycle, size, and financial leverage. The risk-free rate of the option is based on U.S. Government Securities Treasury Constant Maturities yields at the date of grant for a term similar to the expected term of the option.

Restricted Stock Awards—Restricted stock awards are granted subject to certain restrictions, including in some cases service conditions. The grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards, which has been determined based upon the market value of our common stock on the grant date, is expensed over the vesting period.

The following table summarizes information on our restricted stock:

We recorded share-based compensation expense in the statement of operations as follows: